Survival Factors of SMEs in Machala 2020-2023

Abstract

In Ecuador, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) represent approximately 90% of the business ecosystem. In the city of Machala, they have established themselves as a key driver of the local economy. Between 2020 and 2023, they faced a highly uncertain environment, marked by the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent economic restrictions. This research aims to identify the factors that influence the survival of SMEs in contexts of high economic uncertainty. A non-experimental design with a mixed-methods approach was adopted, focusing on descriptive analysis through a structured survey administered to local managers and entrepreneurs. The results highlight that factors such as strategic planning, the level of professionalization, digitalization, and access to credit are crucial for maintaining operational continuity. Sixty-five percent of the surveyed SMEs are currently active, particularly those with greater adaptability and innovation capacity. It is concluded that business resilience depends on strong internal capabilities aligned with favorable external conditions.